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Dictionary

misfortune

/ˌmɪsˈfɔːrtʃən/
C1noun

Bad luck, or an unlucky event or condition.

Concreteness 2.1/5 · Abstract

Tiếng Việt

sự bất hạnh

mít-XPHO-chần

Nhấn mạnh vào âm tiết thứ hai 'PHO', âm đầu 'mít' và âm cuối 'chần' đọc nhẹ hơn.

Sự thiếu may mắn, hoặc một sự kiện, tình huống rủi ro, bất hạnh.

Meanings

2 meanings

  1. 1Bad luck.general

    Sự xui xẻo, vận rủi.

    “He has known great misfortune in his life.”

    “Ông ấy đã trải qua nhiều vận rủi lớn trong đời.”

    • I had the misfortune to share a room with someone who snored loudly.
    • Misfortune struck before they had even left port.
    • The expedition was dogged by misfortune.

    Khi dùng với nghĩa 'vận rủi' nói chung, 'misfortune' là danh từ không đếm được (uncountable noun). Thường đi kèm với các động từ như 'suffer', 'experience' hoặc 'know'.

  2. 2An accident, condition or event caused by bad luck.general

    Một tai nạn, hoàn cảnh hoặc sự kiện gây ra bởi sự xui xẻo; điều bất hạnh.

    “She bore her misfortunes bravely.”

    “Cô ấy đã dũng cảm chịu đựng những điều bất hạnh của mình.”

    • Never take delight in someone’s personal misfortunes.
    • The school nurse was as mean a lady as you’d ever have the misfortune to meet.

    Khi chỉ các sự kiện hoặc tai nạn cụ thể, 'misfortune' là danh từ đếm được và thường dùng ở số nhiều (misfortunes).

Word bank

Common phrases

  • great misfortune
  • personal misfortune
  • be dogged by misfortune
  • have the misfortune
  • suffer misfortune
  • befall somebody
  • misfortune strikes

Grammar & forms

Grammar

  • uncountable
  • countable

Inflections

plural
misfortunes

Word family

Usage patterns

  • have the misfortune to do something
  • suffer a misfortune
  • misfortune befalls somebody

Avoid mistakes

Common mistakes

  • He had a misfortune to lose his keys.

    He had the misfortune to lose his keys.

    Use 'the' before 'misfortune' when followed by an infinitive phrase.

  • She suffered from many bad misfortunes.

    She suffered many misfortunes.

    It is redundant to say 'bad misfortunes' because a misfortune is inherently bad.

  • It was a great misfortune for him losing his job.

    It was a great misfortune for him to lose his job.

    Use the infinitive ('to lose') rather than the gerund ('losing') after 'a misfortune for somebody'.

  • They laughed at his misfortune.

    They laughed at his misfortunes.

    When referring to specific unlucky events that happened to someone, it is more natural to use the plural form.

  • By misfortune, it rained on our wedding day.

    Unfortunately, it rained on our wedding day.

    The phrase 'by misfortune' is unnatural in modern English; use the adverb 'unfortunately' instead.

Don't confuse with

  • mishap

    a minor accident or piece of bad luck

    “The event proceeded without mishap.”

    Use 'mishap' for minor, often clumsy accidents, and 'misfortune' for more serious or general bad luck.

Academic collocations

Words that pair with "misfortune" in formal and academic writing

verb
sufferexperienceovercomeface
adjective
greatpersonalterriblesevere
noun
seriesstroketalevictim
preposition
ofin

In context

Real-world examples

  • daily life

    Losing his job right before Tet was a great misfortune.

    Mất việc ngay trước dịp Tết là một sự bất hạnh lớn.

    Tết (Lunar New Year) is the most important holiday in Vietnam; losing a job during this time is considered especially unlucky and stressful.

  • business

    The company suffered a series of financial misfortunes last year.

    Công ty đã phải gánh chịu một loạt những rủi ro tài chính vào năm ngoái.

    In Vietnamese business culture, 'rủi ro' (risks/misfortunes) are often discussed when evaluating annual performance and planning for the new year.

  • academic

    In literature, the protagonist often overcomes severe misfortune to achieve success.

    Trong văn học, nhân vật chính thường vượt qua những bất hạnh tột cùng để đạt được thành công.

    Vietnamese literature and folklore frequently feature themes of overcoming hardship (vượt khó), which is a highly valued cultural trait.

  • social

    It is considered bad manners to laugh at another person's misfortune.

    Cười nhạo sự bất hạnh của người khác bị coi là hành vi thiếu văn hóa.

    Vietnamese culture strongly emphasizes empathy and community support ('lá lành đùm lá rách' - good leaves cover torn leaves) during times of misfortune.

  • daily life

    She had the misfortune to be caught in the heavy rain without a raincoat.

    Cô ấy thật không may khi bị mắc mưa to mà không có áo mưa.

    Sudden heavy downpours are common in Vietnam's tropical climate, making this a highly relatable everyday misfortune.

Notes for Vietnamese speakers

  • Trong văn hóa Việt Nam, người ta thường có các nghi lễ hoặc phong tục để 'giải hạn' (ward off bad luck) khi gặp phải chuỗi 'misfortune' (vận rủi).
  • Thành ngữ 'Họa vô đơn chí' (Misfortunes never come singly) rất hay được sử dụng trong tiếng Việt để miêu tả việc những điều xui xẻo thường đến cùng một lúc.

Etymology

From Middle English 'misfortune', formed by combining the prefix 'mis-' (meaning 'bad' or 'wrong') with 'fortune'. First recorded in the 15th century.

Exam levels

IELTS

7.0

CEFR

C1

TOEIC

805-850

More in Vietnamese

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